IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  {MT-3) 


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£    1^    112.0 


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Sciences 
Corporation 


13  WEST  MAIM  STREET 

WEBSTER, N.I.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


> 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  tachniquac  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


rn    Coiourad  covers/ 


Couvartura  da  couiaur 

□   Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagie 

□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  reataurte  at/ou  peilicul4e 

□    Cover  title  miaaing/ 
La  titra  da  couverture  manque 

□   Coloured  mapa/ 
Cartea  gtegraphiquaa  en  couleur 

□   Coloured  Ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 

□   Coloured  plates  and/or  illuatrationa/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrationa  en  couleur 

□    Bound  with  other  meterial/ 
Rail*  avac  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shado%vs  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  ro  liure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieura 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainea  pagea  blanchea  ajoutiea 
lore  d'une  reatauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  texte, 
mail*,  lorsque  cela  «tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pea  «t«  filmiea. 

Additional  commanta:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmantairas; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  axemp.'aira 
qu'il  lui  a  «t«  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  Cixempiaire  qui  sont  peut-«tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 

□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pagee  de  couleur 

□    Pagea  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAea 

□    Pagea  reatored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauriaa  et/ou  peliiculAes 

0    Pagea  diacoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pagea  d«color«es,  tachaties  ou  piquAes 

□   Pagea  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 

0Sho«vthrough/ 
Transparence 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit*  inigala  de  I'impression 

□   Includes  supp:ementary  material/ 
Comorend  du  matAri*!  *i,nnUwnmm 


Comprend  du  material  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


D 


Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  ref timed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obacurcias  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  iti  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  it 
obtenir  la  mailieure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film«  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu«  ci-dessous. 


10X 

^^^^ 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

1 
1 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

k^HHri 

^■■^ 

■■■M'^ 

28X 

J 


32X 


The  copy  filmsd  hare  hat  baan  raproducad  thanks 
tc  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Quaan's  Univarsity 

Tha  Pfnagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
poasibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Icaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif ications. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
beginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  iiluatratad  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copias  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  iiluatratad  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printad 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Tlia  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  tita  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  'meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

IMaps.  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framea  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  film*  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
ginirositA  da: 

Dougias  Library 
Queen's  University 

Les  imagea  suivantas  ont  AtA  reproduites  avac  la 
olus  grand  aoin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet«  de  I'exemplaira  fiim«,  et  en 
conformit*  avac  ias  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Lea  axemplairas  origlnaux  dont  la  couvarture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  fiimAs  en  commenpant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darni*re  page  qui  comporta  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iliustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Toua  les  autres  axempiaires 
origlnaux  aont  filmte  en  commenpant  pai-  la 
pramlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impreesion  ou  d'iliustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAre  page  qui  comporta  una  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derni*re  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvont  Atre 
fiimAs  A  des  taux  da  reduction  diff«rants. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  tiop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  ciich*,  11  est  film«  A  partir 
da  I'angle  sup«rleur  gauche,  de  gauche  h  droits, 
et  de  haut  an  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombra 
d'images  nAcessaira.  Las  diagrarnmes  suivants 
iliustrent  la  mAthoda. 


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2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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CANADA    AS     IT    IS." 


AN    ADDRESS 

DELIVERED  BEFORE  THE  COMMERCIAL  CLUB,  OF  PROVIDENCE,  R.I.,  ON  SATURDAY 

28th  NOVEMBER,  1891,  BY  THE 

HONOUKABI.K   J.    A.    GHAPLEAU, 

SEVUETAHY  OF  STATE   OF  CANADA. 


Mr.  Chairman  aiid  Ueiitlemeu,— The  cor- 
diality of  +he  Avelcome  you  hjive  given  me 
reassm-es  ni'»  against  the  nntural  fesvr  whlcli 
a  strange  must  experience  in  ventiuing 
to  address,  In  a  language  ttrreign  to  his 
own,  such  an  assemblsige  as  I  see  before  me. 
I  had  felt  honoured  by  Ihe  kind  and  flatter- 
ing invitation  tendered  to  me  by  yoiu-  club  ; 
and  now,  even  before  I  have  accomiiliahed 
the  arduoxLs  tasli  I  have  undertalien  iti  ao 
ceptiug  yoiu-  invitation,  I  feel  rejoiced  and 
happy  to  have  accepted  it,  Avhen  I  look  at  tlie 
sympathetic  faces,  when  I  hear  the  sympa- 
tlietic  gi-eetlngs  Mith  ^Ahich  you  receive  me. 
I  midei-stand  now  why  I  was  not  stopped  by 
tile  Americjin  customs  olficer  in  entering  this 
countrj' ;  tliat  intelligent  officer  nmst  have  at 
once  mulei-stootl  that  my  engagement  here 
was  not  an  alien  Libour  contract,  but  a  most 
pleasm-able  \isit  to  a  beautiful  and  most  hos- 
pitable city.  Certainly  I  coidd  not  desire  to 
have  a  more  intelligent  and  representative 
audience  of  the  Ameiicjin  people  tlian  I  have 
here  to-uight.  Smallest  of  all  among  the 
States  of  tlie  miion,  Rhode  Island,  like  the 
Uttle  tribe  of  Benjiimin  among  the  tAvelve 
tribes  of  Israel,  has  always  stood  among  the 
foremost  of  the  Imitherhnod  of  the  repxdilics 
of  the  western  continent,  loremost  in  order 
of  history,  for,  was  it  not  here  that  tho 
Nonlunen  settled  500  ycara  l)efore  Cohunbus 
crossed  the  ocean  ?  foremost  hi  the  gay 
world  of  fashion  so  long  as  >iewport  remains^ 


the  crowned  queen  of  society  ;  foremost  In 
numufactm-ing  entei-prise  ha  proportion  to  Ita 
population ;  foremost  hi  its  unequalled  11- 
bmiy  to  wliich  students  of  Ameilcan  hlstoiy 
tlu-oughout  the  world  must  come,  and  In  the 
front  rank  of  mtellect  by  its  imiversitj-,  the 
Alma  IMater  of  so  many 

BRILLIANT   AND   DISTIKOUI8HED  MEN. 

Tliat  sj.lendld  pile  of  miiveralty  buildhigsi, 
yoiu-  pubJjc  libraiy,  your  athenaeum,  all  wlthi 
tlieii  niiignittcent  collections  of  books,  going 
up  Into  high  scores  of  tliousauds,  are  monu- 
ments of  your  gi-eatness  tluit  put  to  shame 
populations  of  Ave  thnes  your  raagrdtiide. 
(Cheers.)  Yoiu-  State  enjoys  the  proud  dls- 
tinctioii  of  havhig  inaugurated  the  real  de- 
velopment of  tlie  cotton  manufacturing  hi- 
dustiy  on  this  oonthient,  an  industry  that  has 
gi-own  to  proportions  so  colossal  since  Sam- 
uel Slater's  modest  hiltlal  efforts  at  Provi- 
dence and  at  I'awtucket  Falls.  Standing 
here  and  looking  back  into  thio  pages  of  hls- 
toi-y,  I  am  remmded  tliat  this  city  of  yoiura» 
is  on  sacred  gromid.  Sacred  to  the  cause  of 
religious  llbei-tj'  which  here  had  its  birth- 
place, aud  sacred  to  tlie  memory  of  Roger 
WilllauLs,  "one."  if  I  am  allowed  to  quote  a 
lugh-mhuled  I'rotestant  wTlter,  "of  the 
sweetest  souls  with  wlildi  God  ever  atlowied 
the  earth  we  ti-ead."  PoUticJil  libeit>'  you 
who  dwell  hi  New  England  always  had  In 
abmidance,  but  religious  Uberty  you  liadnot, 


tS 


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FC^^'^.C'L^s 


nor  (lifl  It  au.vAvherti  exlHt  hi  the  English  col- 
oiileH  luitll,  In  thu  nilnil  of  Roger  WUliania, 
there  (laA\7ie(i  the  idea  of  llbeitj'  of  tlie  soul. 
I  Hay  nowhere  else,  for  even  the  charter  of 
iMaryland  exclu(le<l  Fnltarians.     First  of  all, 


difference^  between  their  party  and  mine  is 
thai  my  iMirty  Iwlieves  In  tlie  destinies  of 
Canada,  theirs  doe-s  not.  My  part}-  believes 
hi  a  Providential  aireer  for  <mv  country, 
their   party    thinks    that   there   Is    no    Trovl- 


In   tills   city  of  J'l'ovidence,   was  anuomiced  :  (len(!<>   sa\e    for   others.       Mv  firm    Ix^llef   Is 


the  only  tJieoiy  luider  wlildi  men  can  live  in 
harmouj'  and  pence— 

THE   PRINCIPLE   OP   BELIOIOKS   LIBERTY. 

If,  then,  gentlemen,  the  history  of  yoiu-  fair 
cltj'  raises  such  noble  thoughts,  how  much 
does  its  name,  I'ro\idence  V—"  La  I'ron- 
dence,"  for  tJie  word  Is  a  French  word  too. 
How  it  raises  our  thoughts  to  tiie  Father  of 
all  men  whose  hand  guides  tlie  destiny  of  na- 
tions as  well  as  of  men— who  protected  Ro- 
ger Williams  in  the  wilderness  of  Xarragan- 
settand  Champlaln  on  tlie  shore  of  the  great 
river  to  the  norUi. 

(Gentlemen,  as  I  look  around  and  see  in 
yom*  beautiful  city,  auddn  an  audience  such 
as  this,  the  (evidence  of  prosperity  and  cul-' 
tm-e.  I  can  see  how  bountifully  Providence 
has  blessed  you.  His  hand  has  led  you 
along  tlie  checkered  path  of  your  destiny  and 
brought  you  out  in  peace  and  plentj'.  I  re- 
joice at  it—and  as  I  thhik  of  your  career  and 
that  of  the  gi-eat  l^nion  of  Ropnblics,  of, 
wlilch  you  form  part— as  I  picture,  in  my 
imagination,  the  opening  vistas  of  yom-  in^ 
creasing  prosperity,  I  rejoice— for,  in  the 
family  of  nations,  we  are  learning  that  the 
prosperity  of  one  is  tlie  prosperity  of  all. 

(Tentlemen— soil!-,  of  Roger  AA'illiaias— chil- 
dren ot  Providence— < an  there  lie  a  Provi- 
dence for  you  and  none  for  us  ?  You  know- 
that  cannot  be.  We  men  of  the  north  fee^ 
and  know  that  we  also  have  a  history  and  a 
career  and  a  destiny  before  us.  iind  that  the 
luminous  star  which  has  guided  you  will  also 
guide  us.  We  feel  that  Providence  has  en- 
trusted to  our  hands  the  developnient  of  the 
northern  lialf  of  this  continent  and  we  are 
not  cowards  to  si: -ink  fi-oni  our  taisk. 

Men  may  come  here  and  tell  yon  that  the 
poUtlcal  party  I  represent  ai-e  actuated  by 
hostile  feelings  to  you  ;  if  they  siJeak  so  they 
tell  falsehoods.  (Hear,  hear  and  cheers.)  Yes, 
falsehoods.  (Hear,  h^ar,  and  cheers.)  Our 
feelings  are  kindly,  and  we  are  as  desirous 
as  tliey  are  of  extendhig  the  intercourse  be- 
tween our  countiy  and  yoiu-s  to  the  fartliest 
limjt  of  friendsliip  consistent  with  manly  dig- 
nity.     Why  should  we  not  be  so  ?      But  tlie 


that  your  country  and  mine  can  go  on,  each 
in  his  own  sphere,  developing  the  resources! 
of  this  continent  side  by  sid»  In  brotherly 
amity,  distinguished  by  these  Individual  dif- 
ferences which  mark  the  members  of  one 
household,  but  Ix'aring  the  family  lineaments 
of  civil  and  political  Uberty  which  stamp  tlie 
races  from  which  we  have  sprung. 

CANAD.A    AND   THE   UNITED   STATES, 

placed  side  by  side  by  nature,  must  eltlier  be 
friends    or    enemies.       They    are    too    near 
neighbours,  they  have  too  many  interests  in 
common,    too    much    anibiti(m    of    the    same 
kind,  to  be  indlfferenti  to  each  other.    I  tliink 
it  is  time  they  .should  l)e  friends.  (Hear,  hear.) 
If  we  look  back  to  the  past,  vv^e  find  that 
the  t^^()  countries  started  the  sjime  year  in 
the  race  of  life.      Qneliec  and  Jamestovvni  of 
Virginia,   were  botii  foimded   in   160S  ;   New 
England  was  planted  later  on.      The  young' 
Coionies  were  not  out  of  tlieir  leading  stiings 
when   they   liegan  tliat   long   series  of   w^ars 
which  only  ended  by  the  cession  of  Canada. 
Those  were  hard  times,  vviuii  force  reigned 
suprejiie,  when  the  life  of  man  vv^as  counted 
for  very  Utile  ;  vviieii  botli  coimtiies  seemed 
to  borrow  the  ferocities  of  the  Indians.    Your 
ancestors   were   acx'used   of  having  sent   the 
Moiiavvks  to  butcher,   in  the  dead  of  night, 
le    inhabitants   of   Ijacliine.       My  ancestors 
/et^jillated     by     sending     expeditions    against 
Deei-fleld  and  Haverhill,  to  accomplish  mas- 
sacres which  were  considered  gi-eftt  deeds  In 
those  times.       And  to   think   that  Csmadians 
have    travelled,   for   that    glorious    deed,    all 
the  way  from  Montreal  to  Massachusetts  on 
snowshoes,   in  tlie   middle  of  winter  !      Fin- 
ally the  seven  years  war  put  an  end  to  the 
struggle  and  yon  came  out  victors.    The  col- 
ony   of    New    France,    had    practically    been 
abandoned  by  tlie  Motiier  Coimtiy,  who  di-i 
not  much  value  "  these  few  acres  of  snow," 
as  YoltJiire  called  Canada.     It  was  fi-om  B(xs- 
toii.    and.    therefore,    from    the    territoiy    of 
Rhode  Island  tluit  the  lianlest  blows  were  (Ur- 
ected  against  New  France.      It  was  so  much 
so  that  the  EiigHsh  col'iiists  vv^re  known  hi 
Caiiadji.  not  as  the  Americans,  but  an  tlie  Bos- 


3 


toni.'ius  (los  BostonnalH).  n  name  by  whldi 
tho  pooplo  of  (111'  rnltt'u  States  wciv  known 
aloiifi  tlio  shoivs  of  the  St.  liawrence,  up  to  a 
very  few  years  a^o. 

One  feature  han  always  stiniok  me  when 
rwidhiK  tJio  lilslory  of  those  eventful  times  : 
it  Is  the  strange,  If  not  the  deep,  (Ui>lomaey 
by  which  yoiu*  forefatJiers  altenuitely  |ns«Hl 
England  to  turn  the  French  out  of  Canada, 
and  then  ust>d  the  power  of  France  to  drive 
the  English  out  of  this  c^nuitrj'. 

But,  gentlemen,  that  is  tlie  lilstorj-  of  the 
past,  and,  thank  heaven.  It  is  forgotten.  In 
this  sense,  that  no  e^^l  feeling  sunlves  thosiP 
terrible  times.  I  am  not  exaggerating  when 
I  say  that  there  Is  no  nation  tnxder 
the  sun  that  has  more  prestige  In  the 
eyes  of  the  Canadians  than  the  Americans. 
We  share  the  admiration  of  tlie  world  for 
your  gi'eatness,  your  progress,  your  Insti- 
tiitlons,  which  we  aa'^ouKI  enA^y  if  we  did  not 
enjoy  the  ssime  liberties  as  those  you  are 
blessed  with.  Like  the  United  Stitcs, 
Canada  is  a  democracy  organized  on  a  liberal 
basis,  where  the  race  for  power,  wealth  and 
honoiUT9  is  open  to  all ;  where  men  at  the 
helm  to-daj'  Imve  mostly  all  come  from  the 
humblest  ranks  of  society. 

Aiul  now,  gentlemen,  let  me  again  turn 
back  to  the  i.ages  of  history,  and  from 
iti*  teachhigs  explain  to  yovi  the  real 
"  struggle  in  Canada,"  and  the  true 
position  of  "  Canada  as  it  is."  l^et  me 
shoAv  you  the  true  issue  which  lately  return- 
ed to  power  those  who  are  now  niling  our 
counti7,^,  and  clear  away  from  your  minds 
those  mists  of  misconception  Avhich  our  ene- 
mies have  tlirown  aroimd  it  in  order  to  dis- 
guise their  own  folly  and  failure.  Lee  me 
tell  you  of  some  of  tlie  people  who  founded 
my  northland  home. 

Verj^  little  more  than  100  years  ago  there 
sailed  from  the  port  of  New  York  a  fleet  of 
English  sliips,  bearing  with  it  one  of  the  sad- 
dest burdens  recoi'ded  in  histoiy,  but  one  full 
also  of  lessons  of  hope  and  of  courage.  It 
was  the  fleet  Avliich  carried 

THE    tTNITED    EMPIRE   LOYALISTS, 

seeking  in  tlie  wilderness  new  homes  and 
political  instltuticjus  after  theu-  own  hearts. 
Tliat  was  a  small  part  of  the  total  emigra- 
tion ;  yet,  In  the  space  of  a  few  weeks, 
twelve  thousand  souls— men,  women  and  chil- 
dren—sailed   from   that  single   port  of   New 


York.  Tliey  were  not  obscure  or  imknowTX 
people.  They  weiv  mostly  from  the  edu- 
cateil  classes  of  colonists— oAViers  of  property 
and  profes.sional  men— but  there  were  people 
among  them  of  all  classes  of  .society.  Mapy 
of  tliem  luul  served  tlie  Ivlng  in  arms.  They 
luid  f  v.glit  for  a  great  idea— they  were  un- 
if mists  against  secessionists  and  had  fouglit 
for  the  organic  luiloii  of  the  Aiiglo-Saxon 
race.  Few  of  tliem  had  approved  of  the 
parllamentaiT  measinvs  wliich  precipitated 
the  Ilevoluticm  ;  but,  in  war,  only  t\vo  sides 
are  possil)le.  and  they  diose  that  which,  in 
tlieir  view,  had  the  better  right.  They  left 
behind  them  l)road  cultivated  flelds  and 
roomy  mansions  to  begin  tlie  world  anew  Iri 
log  huts  and  tents.  The  fleet  carried  theiu, 
to  the  rocky  coasts  of  Acadia,  a  name  wliich 
oovei-s  the  territorj-  now  known  as  New 
Bnmswiek  and  Nova  Scotia.  New  Bnms- 
wiok  was  not  known  for  years  after  as  a 
separate  ProAince,  :xnd  but  a  handful  of  peo- 
ple were  scattered  over  that  iuunense  terri- 
torj-. 

Otlier  exiles  streamed  over  the  nortliem 
Ixtrder  of  the  colonies  which  had  become  the 
T'nited  States.  They  entered  what  is  now 
tlie  prosperous  Trovince  of  Ontario,  then  j^ 
AAlldemess  of  forestsi  roamed  through  by. 
saittered  bands  of  Missisauga  Indians.  Their 
strong  anns  and  brave  hearts  supported* 
them  hi  their  arduous  labours,  and  they  built 
up  in  Ontario,  as  in  New  Bnins\Aick  and 
Novoi  Sootii^,  iwlWcnJ  ln,stltutions  unsur- 
passed in  tlie  luilon  of  freedom  with  order, 
bv  anj^thing  Avhich  the  genius  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race  lias  produced  elsewhere.  They 
l)ecame  fannere  in  the  western  province  and' 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  they  became  sailors  ; 
or,  rather  tliey  continued  to  be  sailors,  for 
the  settlers  were  chiefly  from  tlie  seaboard 
colonies;  and  at  tlils  very  day,  o\Aing  to  their 
maritime  entei-prise  and  skill,  the  Domlnlou 
of  Canada  stands  fourth  among  the  nations  of 
the  world  in  the  registered  tonnage  of  slilp- 
ing.  Thus  the  loyalists  proceeded  to  clear 
uj)  a  new  land  for  themselves— now  the  Do- 
minion of  Canadii. 

Loyalists  !  A  strange  word  that— singularly 
antiquated  ;  for  are  not  all  tlie  '•«>nUghtened" 
asking  wliat  is  loyaltj-  ?  Wliy  should  an 
illusion  of  past  ages  invade  tlie  domain  ol' 
practical  politics  1  niese  absiu'd  people — 
these  ancestors  of  ours— tnily  100  years  ago 
actually  had  political  principles !    Loyalty  is 


the  hoiKnir  of  iintloiis,  mi  abstrnct  Lien  whidi 
"  (Uslllij.si(iiiiz»>(l  "  \m  i>)'  do  not  Mpprt-hend. 
Pmcticiil  nion  Kiun^r  at  siii;:i  nbHtractlons,  Init 
l)raotIc4il  iiu'ii  ar»'.  in  such  inattors,  the  most 
iiu'onst'(|iU'Ullal  in  tlu'  wliolc  worlil.  Tlu' 
world  is,  luul  always  has  Ijwn  nilwl  by  idoas, 
for  nmn  «1<h»s  not  llvt'  by  l)rmd  alone,  and 
nations  wliicli  lose  tlu-lr  ideals  disappear,  not 
having  any  real  inner  continuity  of  life. 
Loyalty  in  a  people  is  wliat  character  is  iu  a 
man,  tiie  inner  and  abidinj?  piinciple  which 
shapes  his  outward  conduct  to  one  definite 
and  stea<lily  consistent  type  and  jn'ows 
at.n)nf,'e;  in  thus  shaping  it.  Loyalty  is  tliat 
which  holds  toKether  the  conjreiles  of  races 
and  ton>rues  ''idled  Switzerland,  and  which 
saved  the  I'nited  States  in  tlie  ^reat  civil 
war. 

So    much    for   one  element   which    had    a 
larKe  slutre  in  nuiliing  tJie  history  of  Canada-, 
but  intermingled  with  tliem  was  a  people  of 
noble   and   ancient   lineage,    to   whom    I  am 
prou<l  to  belong— a   peoi>le  isolattnl  frojii  the 
parent,    stoclc— a   pt^ople   abandonnl    l)y    their 
natural   parents,    who   fotmd   in    tlie    liritisli 
Crowni,  tliough  alien  hi  race,  in  biuguageand 
reUgion,   a  friend   and   protector  Avheu   tlielr 
need  was  the  sorest,  and  imder  whose  sway 
they    enjoyed   that    M)erl7i'    ,of    the    soul    of 
which   Roger  WilUaius  had  (h-eamed.      Is  it 
any  wonder,   tJien,   gentlemen,  tliat  grititude 
with  the  French  colonists   should  soon   have 
developed  into  loyalty,  and  that  there  should 
have  spnmg  up  a  deep-rooted  feeling  of  at- 
tachment to  tlie  British  Crowni  as  the  tried 
guardian  of  their  language,  their  Institutions 
and   their  laws  ?      (Cheers.)      With   sudi  a 
stock  of  men,   strong  hearted,   level  headed, 
patient  toiiei-s  of  the  land  and  sea,   Canada 
was     well     etiuipped     for    all     emergencies, 
against  open  agression  as  well  as  subtle  axid 
tortuous    methcxls    of    encroiicliment.       And 
God  knows  we  were  spared  neither  of  those. 
AMieUiei   we  look  back  in  o  our  memories  or 
listen    U)    (mr    grandparents,    Ave    find    that 
every  defvule  had  bnmght  its  own   troubles 
and  aliirms.      There  were  the  Maine  bound- 
arj',   the   Oregon   cpiestiou.   the  sympathizers 
of   '^7,  the  'codlisli  war.'  the    Fenian  raids,  and 
otlier    weaiy   disputes,   during   every   one   of 
which  our  siieedy  and  Irivtiievable  niiii  has 
been  awifidently  predicted  ;   just  as  our  can- 
did friends  are  now  cheerfully  waiting  the 
appalling     results     of    the     McKinley     t'liiff 
to  overtake  us.      But  with  all  this,  the  pru- 


dent a' id  thinking  men  avIio  happened 
to  govern  our  cxtunti-y  during  those  Irri- 
tating tlnii's,  n>lying  upon  the  loyalty  and 
tlie  tried  experieiia'  of  the  iH'ople,  succ<'ede(l 
in  preserving  confidence  at  home  and  peacc» 
abroad.  We  had  the  extniordinaiy  aise  of 
a  Prime  Minister  n  igning  almost  supremo 
over  a  democnitic  commuuity  during  over  a 
quarter  of  a  centiu'y  almost  without  inter-i 
ruption.  (Hear,  hear,  and  cheers.)  How- 
ever, it  must  be  admitted  tliat 

TIIK    rUKSKNT   CANAniAN    OPl'OSITION 

had  good  ri'ason  to  anticipate  success  at  the 
eU>ctions  which  would  iiec«'ssjirily  have  takeu 
place  hi  the  autumn,  for  the  sixth  parha- 
meiit  was  in  the  last  yeai*  of  its  life.  The 
infiuence  of  th(>  liocal  (Jovenmient  was  In 
their  favour  in  all  the  I'ro\inces.  They 
liad  been  out  of  power  since  1878,  and  it  was 
theii  tuni  ;  for  a  (ioveniment  so  long  in  office 
as  the  present  Dominion  Cabinet  must  make 
many  active  enemies  and  lukewarm  friends. 
The  farmers  were  uncomfortable  and  dispos- 
ed for  a  change  Avlien  the  Opposltiim  o^mmltv 
ted  the  in-etrieval.le  blunder  of  identifying 
their  party  w:ith  a  iM»licy  of  unrestricteil  reci- 
procity with  the  United  States,  and  thus  tra- 
versing the  cx)ntinuous  ti-aditioiis  of  Can- 
adian Vsentiment  and  history.  Sir  .Tohu 
^Macdouald  watched  tlie  moment  when  they 
sliould  become  hopelessly  committed,  and 
then  unexpectedly  dissolved  the  House  and 
tlirew  himself  upon  the  national  feeling  of 
the  people.  The  battle  was  fought  politicjilly, 
as  far  as  party  programme  went,  on  a  pro- 
tect.i(mist  b  isl.'ii.  but  really  upon  a  far  deeper 
issue— that  of  national  existence.  No  doubt 
tliis  was  discLiimed  by  the  Opposition.  No 
doubt  Sir  Uicliard  CartwTight  comes  of  a. 
good  lojal  stock.  No  dcmbt  :Mr.  Liimier 
would  depreaite  a  union  whicli  would  dwarf 
tlie  importance  of  his  nice  and  religion,  but 
covered  up  though  it  was  in  eveiy  way,  tlie 
issue  wsm  tliere,  and  the  (piick  sense  of 

THK    VKOPLK    nKTUCTKl)    IT   AT   ONCK. 

They  felt  tliat  in  a  "dicker"  witli  the 
United  States  (io\-ernment,  tJu>  national  in- 
tlependence  was  sjifer  in  the  hands  of  the 
pi-esent  Cabinet  than  in  tiiat  of  their  oppo- 
nent.s.  Tiiat  a  proiwsltion  to  permit?  tlirt 
l/nited  Stafes  (Government  tii  regulate  om' 
commerce  and  settle  our  tarifi"  should  have 
,s(v.,ired  even  the  measure  of  support  it  did 
ought  to   suggest    much    searcldng    of  con- 


8<'k'n<v  to  our  pn'siMit  nih'is.  TIu'  power 
pr()pos«'(l  to  1k>  liiiiidi'd  over  so  fmiikly  to 
WaxlilniK'ton  wo  had  won  iiftcr  a  loiiu  and 
hard  stniuKl*'  with  our  own  uiollH'iiand.  II 
was  a  tlilnu  aliovo  all  others  of  which  wo 
wore  most  Jonlous,  and  ,vot,  at  tlu'  last  t-loc- 
tion,  an  inipot-liinl.  nilnnrlly  votod  apparently 
to  ylold  It  up  to  tho  rnit«'d  States.  Any 
stono  Is  kimmI  enough  to  throw  at  a  i)olitlo.'il 
anljiKonist,  and  once  hi  power  tho  opposi- 
tion woulil  feel  lt«  rosjMMisi  1)111  ties  ;  Imt  to 
permit  Congress  to  close  our  |»orts  awihist 
(Jroat  Brltjdn  by  moans  of  tho  .McKlnloy 
tariff,  or  any  such  I'hlnow  loKlslntlon  as  it 
may  adopt,  is  not  a  declaration  of  hmepon- 
donco— HometliiuK  iiiiKht  Im'  said  for  that 
Imt  ji  renunciation  of  indoiK'udence  and  a 
rtoclamtion  of  abject  dr>pondence  wliicli 
woulil  ^tiiKKor  the  self-respect  of  th(>  smallest. 
Central  Ameilcan  Ilepuhllc.  Such  a  policy 
would  nij)idly  diminish  tlu?  imports  from 
England  and  France,  and  utterly  dostro.v  our 
own  niaiuifactures.  Then,  after  1(1  or  \2 
year.-i,  the  Detroit  experience  would  be  lo 
peutt^d.  ^Vo  should  be  told  that  wo  ou^ht 
not  to  expect  the  udvauta^os  of  free  trade 
with  the  T^nltod  Stutcs  unless  wo  are  i>re- 
paroil  to  share  all  the  bmvlons  of  cltl/.on.s. 
Then  witli  otu'  nunmfactures  ruined  and  our 
self-respect  puie  we  .should  bo  compelled  to 
sneak  by  a^  back  way  Into  the  American 
Union,  Instead  ot  entorlnj;  it  lik(>  free  men  by 
fret<  men's  votes.  But.  siiy  "  suiterlor  per- 
se us,"  why  resist  tlie  inevitable  V  Auno.Vii- 
tlon  must  come  sooner  or  later,  and  they 
point  to  tlie  wealth  of  the  Tnlt<>d  States- 
its  millionaires,  tiio  frreatest  in  the  world. 
Tho  reply  Is  easy.  Very  rich  men  are  not 
ii  strenjith,  but  a  weakness  to  a  state.  (Hear, 
hear.)  lOnormous  dls]tarlty  of  fortune  has 
always  Ix^n  a  sljrn  of  Impenchnj:  ch.uiKe  and 
the  stability  of  a  state  rests  nithor  upon  tlio 
absence  of  very  poor  men  than  upon  the 
presenci'  of  very  rich  ones.  ARuln  tlie  "  Ito- 
view  of  Ihnlows "  i'.ssm-os  us  In  connection 
with  a  portrait  ofiMr.  Wlmau  that  '■  Cinada 
is  the  outer  frhifre "  upon  a  jrreat  Industrial 
comnumlty  of  which  it  slumid  normally  bo 
an  intetrral  portion.  Canada  has  not  tho 
niiitorlal  resources  of  the  rnlted  States,  but 
she  has  existed  uuh'pendout  of  them  since 
the  si>ttlenient  of  America  ;  tirst  as  l-'rench 
Canada,  then  as  Canada  of  the  (>xlle|!. 
and  no^v  as  Canada  of  a  united  people,  and 
there   seems   to   n  Canadian   no   i-eason    why 


she  .should  not  continue  independent.  Moi-e- 
ovei.  lot  It  be  Krantod  that  eventually  that  1h 
her  fate,  Iti  Is  no  reason  why  she  should  rush 
to  it.  A  man  of  s«>ns4'  does  not  shiK)t  him- 
self lH'ca\ise  ho  imi.st  die  some  (lay  'heera 
and   lauKhtei.i 

A  K<)od  (h'al  has  been  sidd,  at  various  times 
in  our  history,  about  the  invasion  of  Canada 
iVom  the  I'nitod  Stales.  There  mlnht  lie 
Some  reason  of  late  to  talk  about  the  ir.va- 
.slon  of  tho  Cnlted  States  from  Canada. 
(Hoar,  hear.i  Contrary  to  the  custom  of 
war,  however,  tlie  Invaders  from  Canada  re- 
ct>lvo  the 

ICINDKsr    HKCKITION    IN    ■I'llIS   CofNTHV 

(Cheers.  I  Some  become  citizens  of  the 
rnlted  States  and  help  to  increase  your  pros- 
perity. Some  come  here  for  tho  i)urpose  of 
noKotiatiiiK  treaties,  not  always  with  success. 
And  some,  like  myself,  come  at  tht>  kindest 
of  Invitations  toi  deliver  jnibllc  addresses  on 
piihllc  (piestion-'  And  all  of  them  have  t)C- 
caslon  to  say,  tit  the  end  of  the  visit,  what 
Art^'inus  Ward  is  reported  to  have  said  to 
tlie  people  of  a  western  town  :  "  tientlemeu, 
1  never  was  In  ti  place  where  I  was  treated 
so  well— nor,  may  I  add,  so  often."  (Liiuuh- 
ter.)  This  iclndly  treiitmont,  well  and  often, 
did  not  boj^lii  to-day.  Lonjr  ago.  In  1854, 
Lord  I<]1kIii  was  received  in  the  T'nl ted  States 
with  ii  remarktible  enthusiasm.  ((Iuhh's.) 
In  1S>")()  tho  people  of  Buffalo  wivo  hlni  a  re- 
ception on  tho  occjisloii  of  a  formal  visit  to 
the  Welland  Canal,  iind  tin  amuslii);  story 
has  been  told  by  the  mayor  of  Buffalo  at  the 
time.  An  enthusiastic  Kuesr,  as  ho  listened 
to  Lord  VAfiiu.  said:  "Fine  fellow.  If  he 
comes  here  we'll  make  him  mayor."  As  the 
siH'och  went  on,  the  enthusiastic  gentlenum 
said  excitedly,  "By  (xeorKe,  Ave'd  make  him 
(Jovernor  of  the  Sttue."  And  tliiidly  as  the 
eloipient  onitor  worked  on  the  foellufis  of  the 
jindleiice,  tiie  mayor's  fiioiut  slapjied  the 
mayor  on  the  shoulder  tiiul  cried,  "  Heavens, 
we'll  juiike  him  president— not  hlnj;  less  tlii'.n 
president."  (Cheers  and  laughter.)  In  18G5, 
one  of  the  greatest  orators  that  Canada  ever 
pr(Kluc(Hl,  Hon.  .hwepli  Howe,  was  present 
at  tho  grciit  convention  at  Detroit  and  de- 
llver«Ml  iin  address  on  the  occasion  which  de- 
.•<erves  to  bo  considered  as  one  of  the  great 
orations  of  the  literature  of  public  affairs  on 
on  this  continent.  I  refer  to  that  sptH'ch 
for   the   special   pun)oso   of   quoting   from   It 


1 


f 
p 


Si 


fi 


oiu*  piiniK'i'iipli  whlcli  is  iiH  tni<>  iiiul  us  livlnc 
In  Its  lnt«'n'MtH  as  It  was  upon  tlu>  day  ItH 
titt«>ninc««  moved  tlio 

MrMiS   OK   TlIK    IIKTHOIT   t'ONVKNTION 

"  I  may  woU  ft'«'l  awed."  said  Mr.  Howe, 
"in  tli(>  iircwMU'e  of  xiioli  an  iuidi('n<'4>  ii>t  tliis, 
lait  tlif  Kroat  queHtlon  wliicli  Id'inus  us  to- 
KetluT  is  wortliy  of  'Ih'  aiKiicnce,  and  chal- 
lenKt'H  tlu'lr  jn'ave  (M»usidi'nition.  Wliat  is 
tliat  qiH'stion  V  Sir.  wo  are  t4>  determine 
liow  liest,  we  Clin  (iraw  to^etiier.  in  (lielH)n(is 
of  peaee  frlendsliip  and  eonnuen^lai  prosi>erity 
tlie  tlu'tH'  Ki'ear,  l)ranclus  of  tlie  Hrilisli  fam- 
iiy.  In  tile  presence  of  Mils  ureat  tiieme  all 
petty  Inteivsts  .siiould  stand  relnilvcd  ;  we  are 
not;  d«>alinu  with  the  concenis  of  a  city,  a 
pro\1nc«'  or  a  state.  l>nt  witJi  the  future  of 
our  race  in  all  time  to  come." 

In  1874  Lord  Dufferin,  whose  name  in 
every  part  of  tlie  world  is  a  synonym  for 
l>rillian<\v  and  ability,  had  a  friendly  rect'p- 
tion  from  the  ChiwiKo  Boanl  of  Triule,  and. 
In  tlic  <M»ni'se  of  his  speecli.  he  said  :  "  In 
tlie  policy  wiilcli  the  (Jovernnient  of  Canada 
has  sliown  itself  wlllin),'  to  promote.  I  l>c- 
lieve  tliere  exi.sted  but  one  jiiotive.  and  that 
i.s  tlie  desire  to  come  U>  an  understaiidim,' 
\Aitli  tJie  Government  of  the  I'nited  States. 
I  do  not  thinlv  tJiat  for  one  i oment  we  have 
imajrined  that  in  any  aKre<'nient  or  treaty 
wliich  may  he  ue^otlated.  it  would  l»e  either 
possilile  or  desiniltle  to  make  a  oiie-.slth'd  bar- 
gain. What  we  desire  is  fair  and  equal  deal- 
ing, and  I  lielieve.  you.  gentlemen,  are  actu;it- 
ed  by  the  same  honcmralile  sentiment." 

I  have  ref€'rre<l  to  these  events  and  (pi()te<l 
these  speeches  in  order  to  biliig  before  the 
minds  of  those  wIk,  may  have  forgotten 
them,  or  may  he  tof)  young  to  rememlier 
them  well,  the  fact  that  there  has  been  es- 
tabli.she<l  between  the.se  two  countries  a  tra- 
dition of  friendly  relations  among  iniblic 
men.  and  between  public  men  and  public 
bodies  on  l)oth  sides  of  the  line— a  tradition 
which  IK  man  in  his  senses  wi.slies  to  vo 
brolven.  wlii<'h  ever>-  man  who  dierishes  a 
love  for  peace  and  the  prosjierity  which  ac- 
coinpjuiies  .ind  prom*  es  peace  wishes  to  see 
contimied  and  contirmed.  It  was  In  accord- 
ance Avith  this  triiditloii  of  friendliness  that 
:Mr.  Laurler.  the  leader  of  the  (^ppo.sition 
in  Canada,  was  entertained  in  Boston  on 
the  17tli  instant,  at  a  bancjuet  at  which  the 
Governor  of  the  Slate  was  present.    It  is  in 


accordan«-e  Willi  this  S4iiiie  tradition  of  friend- 
liness that  you.  gentlemen,  have  dont>'  me  the 
honour  of  inviting  ,me  to  Im>  present  and  to 
address  you  this  evening.  I  am  here  t<Hliiy 
anliiiaied  by  the  frleiidlU'st  feelings  towardrt 
this  country,  and  by  the  nioHt  perfei't  loyalty 
to  my  own  c<anitry  and  to  my  QutH'n.  I  may 
then  \enture  to  carry  on  in  tills  address  that 
tradition  of  r»Hlprociil  friendliness  which  F-ord 
Klglii  estnblislied.  which  Howe  made  meiiioi'- 
able.  which  Lord  Dufferin  n'asm'rted.  and 
whldi  T  have  learned  from  my  lamented 
friend.  Sir  .folin  Macdoiiald.  to  appreciate  and 
v.ilue  myself.  (Ap|ilause.»  tieiitlemeii.  I 
think  you  do  well  to  nn-elve  the  name  of  Sir 
.lolm  Macdoiiald  wltli  .ipplause.  for 

IlK    WAS    Vorit    KKIKNO    AS    WKM.   .VS    MINK, 

and  when  li(>  died  your  interests  as  well  os 
(»urs  .suffenxl  a  tempoiiiry  loss.  If  I  do  not 
say  an  irreparable  loss  It  1h  Iwcause,  In  this 
world,  no  man  is  essential,  and  all  losses  are 
repaired  and  all  vacancies  lUled  In  time.  But 
Sir  John  Macdoiiahl  established  in  his  llfe- 
tliiu'  and  left  to  us.  old  colleagues,  a  tradi- 
tion wliich  we  are  willing,  nay.  very  desir- 
ous, to  carry  on.  a  tradition  of  friendly  com- 
mercial relations  AvltJi  tli(>  rnlted  States, 
con.sisteiilly  with  the  maintenance  of  Cana- 
dian interests  in  the  pn<t«'ction  of  its  rising 
industi'ies.  (Cheers.)  To  show  you  h<»wwell 
established  is  tills  tradition,  let  me  detail  for 
you  as  men  of  business  tlie  sti'jis  which  in 
times  past  have  been  taken  by  the  (Jovern- 
meiit  of  whicli  Sir  .lolin  Macdoiiald  and 
many  of  his  late  and  jire.sent  colleagues  wei-e 
members  to  establish  reciprocal  relatl<uis  be- 
tween tlie.se  countries. 

TIIK,    IIISTOKY    OK    UKCM'ROCITV    N  KOOTIATIONS, 

as  appeal's  by  our  laws  and  reports,  shows 
that  Canada  has  always  been  favourable 
towards  fair  and  friendly  trade  relations  with 
the  I'nited  Stiites.  In  1.S47  an  address  was 
moved  hi  the  Legislative  A.ssembly  of  Canada 
in-aylng  that  neg()tiatlons  should  be  eiittnvd 
into  with  the  (Jovernment  of  the  Fiiited 
States  to  pntcure  tlie  admission  of  (^anadian 
products  for  con.suniption  in  their  marlvets  on 
the  same  terms  iis  the  products  of  the  I'lilted 
States  were  admitted  for  co)isumi>tion  Into 
Canada,  tluit  perfect  reclprocit\-  iimy  be  es- 
tablished between  the  two  countries.  In  that 
same  year  old  Canada  pa.ssed  a  law  reducing 
rates  of  import  duties  on   l'iiite<l  States  pro- 


fit 


ductH  from  tw»>l  i<  luul  ii-l»iilf  to  sj'Vfii  iiiul 
a  half  per  (iMit..  iiiul  nilHiim  tlie  riiU*  iiixm 
BrUlsli  linpoHM  froiii  live  pt-r  cent  >  Hcvcii 
and  ii-liiiir  iM'i  <fnl.  Tills  iiicnsurt'  wiis  piisNcd 
r»'l.vln«  uiMtii  th»»  Huppowsl  w  IllliimicHH  «f  tl»' 
United  Stiit»'s  to  n»'>,'ol,liil»'  ii  fair  nu-asutv  of 
ivdltrocity  l>«')\vffn  IIh-  two  (•..iintrlcs.  It 
Kuvo  an  Iniini'iiHt'  advantime  to  the  ««xportt'iM 
of  tlio  I'nitod  States,  lail'  no  rom'six.ndlnjr 
l»'Ki«latlon  was  enacted  )»>'  tiiat  conntry.  nor 
was  m-lpr<H'iry  «rant<><l.  In  lS4i»  an  Act 
was  passed  enaclinj,'  "  that  whenever  under 
any  law  ot  the  Inllt^il  States  of  America  the 
artU'les  enunienited  In  the  M«'hediile  to  that 
Act  annexed,  lu-ln).'  the  jrrowth  or  prodnclion 
of  this  province,  shall  1ki  admitted  free  of 
duty  Into  Hjdd  I'nlt^Ml  Statos  of  Anu'rlwi. 
tlu'n  slnilhir  articles,  hehi),'  the  jrrowtJi  or 
production  of  the  said  IhIIcmI  States,  shall  I  > 
ailniltt^Ml  Into  this  (province  fnt'  of  duty  when 
hnpoitt'd  tllrect  from  the  I'nlted  Statx's."  A 
slmlhir  hill  was  reiiorted  by  the  Connuittee 
of  Conunercti  and  jiasstwl  by  the  IIoiiw  ()f 
Uepresenlatlves.  hut  i"alle<l  of  conshh-ratlou 
In  the  Senate  In  lK»tJi  1S4S  and  1  S41t. 

In  is.*)(t  Sir  Francis  lllncks  vlslti-d  Wasli- 
hitfton  on  lK>half  of  th«^  Oauadlan  provinces, 
and  addressed  an  able  letter  to  the  chairman 
of  tht*  Conuultlee  of  .Conunerce  in  favour  of 
the  luloptlon  of  a  n\easure  of  reciprcK-lfy  on 
the  basis  fohowed  by  the  Canadian  Act  of 
1840.      His  efforts  faded,  and  the 

UNITKI)   STATKS   SKNATK    Ur.KCSKn  To    ACT. 

In  is,"»4.  after  much  correspondence,  a 
treaty  of  reciprocity  was  at  length  lu'^jo- 
tlated.  rn(U'r  this  treaty  the  following  ar- 
ticles wei-e  declared  fre«'  in  both  comitries. 
jind  tlu<  ti-eaty  was  to  C4)ntlnue  In  force  for 
tea  yi'ars  :— 

scuKnn.i;. 

(Jraln.  Hour,  and  breadstutfs  of  all  kinds  ; 
iudmals  of  all  kinds  ;  fresh.  snioktHl  and 
salted  meats  ;  •cx)tton,  wool,  seeds  and  vege- 
tables ;  undried  fruits.  a\ii'*\  fniits  ;  fish  of 
all  kinds  :  products  of  tish.  :uid  of  all  other 
ca-eatui-es  livlUK  in  the  water  ;  poultry,  e^fis  ; 
hides,  furs,  skins  i.or  tails  undressed  ;  stone 
or  uiarltle  in  Its  cnide  or  unwrought  state  ; 
slate  ;  bvitter.  cluvse.  tallow,  lard,  horns, 
luauiu'o  ;  ores  of  metals  of  all  kinds,  coal, 
pitch,  tar.  luri)entiue.  ashes. i  timber  and  lum- 
ber of  all  kinds,  round  hewetl  and  sawed, 
unmajuifactured  in  whole  or  in  p.-irt,  tire- 
\v..(w1,   i>ljints,   slmdm  and  trtn^s.  pelts,   wool. 


ilsh  oil.  rice.  bnM»ni-«>ni  and  bark.  >r.vpHtii». 
tjround  or  uniifound,  hewn.  wnaiRht  or  nn- 
wn  UK'Id.  burr  or  ^rlntlstones.  tl.ve  stuffs,  tlax, 
hemp  and  tow.  (nimanufacture<l.  uumainifatv 
lured  tobacco,  rays. 

Scarc«'ly  had  the  treaty  Imh'Ii  jnit  Into  oper- 
ation   when   agitations   beuan   In    the    VnltiHl 
St4ites  for  ItH  anienilnu'Ut  or  abrogation.  The 
border  clth's  compIaliH'd  that  their  nnnnifac- 
lure«l  piods  met  an  Import   duly  at  the  Tan- 
adlaii  fronthT.  tluit  Canadian  duth's  on  man- 
ufactures   were    rals<'<l     from   I."*    to   '20  per 
cent.    This.  In  iht>  fa<-»'  of  th«'  fact  that  mau- 
ufaetured    goods    wer<>    exchuled    by    express 
words  from  tla*  operatliai  of  the  treaty,  that 
I'nltiMl  States  duties  on    miinnfacture<l  goodrt 
lnip<uted    from    Caianhi    were    higla-r    than 
Canadian    duties    on    like   articles,    and    were 
rals^'d   by    the   Morrill    taritT  ;    that   cons\dar 
fees  wer(>  Impow'd  for  pr(M)f  of  ortnln  of  free 
goo<ls,   and   that   th(>   rnlt.'<d   St4ites   used   no 
i'ffort  to  olttaln  trtH>  use  of  the  State  canals 
for    Caiuidlan    vess«'ls.       The    agitation    was 
taken    up   by    the    Leglsl.iture  of   New   York 
Stjiteand  pressed  upon  Congress  by  the  reso- 
lution  of   both   Houses  of  that   body.       And 
it  had  Its  effect.      In  IStT)  notice  of  the  abro- 
rogatlon   of   the    tr«'aty     was    given     by   the 
Initisl  States,  but  neither  (Jreat  BHtaln  nor 
Cauada  abandone<l  the  filendly  attitude  they 
had  always  taken.      When  the  notice  of  the 
abrogation  of  the  treaty  of  1S.'>4  was  given 
on  March  17,  ISCm.   by  .Mr.   C.   F.   .Vd.inis,  In 
London,    to    Lord    .b)lm    U\issell.    the    HHtlsh 
.Minister  was  disposed  to  think  that  the  (Jov- 
eri)-,  lent  of   the   TTnlted  States   was   not   ser- 
ious. So  great  a  body  of  conunerclal  opinion 
In    the    Fnlted    States   seemetl    favourable   to 
the    contlnuunce    of    a    treaty.    In    ISC.'i    Sir 
Alexander   Calt    and    Hon.    W.    V.    Ilowland 
from  Canada.  Hon.  W.  A.  Henry  from  Nova 
Scotia,    antl    Hon.    A.    .1.    Sm..ii    from    New 
Hrunswlck.    were    sent    by    their    respective 
(Sovennnent.s    to    Washington    to    co-operate 
with  Sir  F.    Hnice  in  a   friendly  attempt  at 
negotiation  for  a   renewal    of    the    treaty  of 
lS."i4.      Tlu'se  genllem-'u  fomid  "that  no  re- 
newal  or   exten.sion    of   that   existing   treaty 
would  lie  made  by  the  .\uierican  authoiities, 
but  that  whatever  was  done  must  be  done 
by  legislation." 

TllK    .NKliOTIATIONS    I'AIl.KI), 

owing     to    th<>    inifnendly     feeling    in    Con- 
ijrress.   a.   result  which   Lord   Clarendon,   in  a 


(li'Mpiilch  li»  Sir  I".   Hnio'.  imohI  Hliic«'r«'l.v  (h»- 

plnrt'il.      Hy   til,     Clislnlns   Art   i>(   IStlS.   M^'Clliill 

((,  ('«'rtiilri  fmiiiu'fiiitHi  nrlU'U'H,  tlii«  yrowtli  nf 
III*'  I'liht'tl  StiitoH,  \v  ii>  iH't'inlltcil  to  Im>  Iiii- 
portf.!  Into  Ciiiiinlii  I'l-Diii  llir  InitiHl  Stjiicx 
"  fn'«'  III  iliil.v  i>v  ill  M  li-sM  i-iili'  of  (liil.v  tliiiii 
\h  pi'uvlilfd  III  i|||.  Hiiid  HclM'diilc.  iipiiii  tlii< 
priiclaiiiiitliiii  lit'  till'  <iiiv*>rnnr  In  ('oiiiiclj. 
whcMcvcr  the  I  nltfii  SUWvs  nIiiiU  provl.lc  fm- 
the  liiipiiftjitloii  uf  sliiiliiir  tiHU'lcH  from.  « '•ui- 
tiila  liilii  tliiii  I'Muiitr.v  I'ri'f  of  ihitv.  i.r  nt  i 
li'MH  mil'  of  ihii.v  tliiiii  Is  now  IniiMiH*'*!  on  flip 
linportiitlon  from  I'linmla  of  wich  iirtlHeg 
Into  llif  I'liltn'  SliitfH.  •  This  WHS  an  ollvt- 
l»rantii  lii-ld  out  ii.v  Canada  to  ilio  Inllvd 
Stjitcs  In  spile  of  t\w  IuimMU'  »'.\iK'rl<>nc»'s  of 
pr««Vioiis  ycai-s.  In  Istip,  sir  John  Rose  was 
will,  iiy  the  Canadlaii  ( Jovcrnnicnt  to  Wash- 
ln>,ton,  and,  In  cinjiinction  willi  sir  Edwnnl 
Thornloii,  proposed  iu>\v  .lejjotlatloiis.  with 
tlui  <..ns.'nr,  and  approval  of  the  HrlMsli  »),»- 
t'lniniHir,  of  that,  tiine,  for  a  n'«l|)rocity  treaty 
l>ase<l  oil  the  treaty  of  ls,>4.  with  the  nddl'- 
tloii  of  iiianiifactured  artii'Ies  to  the  free  list, 
the  inutnal  opeiilnn  <»f  the  coasting,  trade, 
tJie  prot4'tloii  of  patents  and  coiiyrljfhtM.  and 
a,  treaty  of  extradition.  It  was  found  Ini- 
pussilile  to  make  any  propositions  whicli  the 
American  (!i)veriuiu'nt  would  ac«>i)t.  aaid  (Jie 
ue),'otla lions  fell  thnniKh.  fn  1S71,  dniini:  the 
Nessiiiu  of  the  Joint  eommittee  which  framed 
the  WashinKton  treaty.  Sir  .Fohn  A.  Mac<lon- 
ald,  comndssioner  fur  Canaila,  and  liis  col- 
lonpU's.  the  nrirish  commissioners,  ])roi)ose<l: 
"That  the  i-eciprocal  treaty  of  1S54  should 
he  restored  in  jirinciple."  The  Tnited  States 
('ommission  replied  in  the  ii«';j:ative.  In  1S72 
tlui  (ioverumwit  of  Sir  John  -Macdonaldln  re- 
sponse to  a.  resolution  of  the  Board  of  Tnide 
of  the  Diiminion.  calU'd  attention  to  the  fact 
"tliat  both  Iler  Majesty's  (Joveninient  and 
the  (;ov«'rnment  of  Canada  have  availed 
themselves  of  every  suitalile  opportunity, 
since  the  ji.l»ri)Kation  of  the  reclin'ocity  treaty, 
to  iiress  u])oii  tlie  (Jovernment  of  the  I'nited 
States  the  desirability  of  a  reni'wal  of  recip- 
rocal tnule  relations  between  the  latter  coun- 
try and  Canada,  upon  a  broad  and  lilwral 
basis;  and  submits  for  tJie  favourable  con- 
sideration of  Your  KxceUeucy  in  Comicil  I 
that  the  Dominion  Hoard  of  Trade  be  in- 
fermed  that  .should  the  <!overnment  of  the 
T^'ulted  States  comply  with  the  wishes  of  the 
T'nited  States  National  Board  of  Trade,  the 
subject   will^  receive  tlu>  fullest  consideration 


of  the  (lovemmeiit  of  CnniKlii.      The  rult«>(l 

'Slates  National  noard  of  Trade  In  ls7*J  had 
pctllloiied  Congress  for  a  renewal  of  rtH'Ipro- 
cal    trade    relations    with    Canada  ;    and    the 

nomliilon    Hoard    of  Trade   had   bi uhl    this 

tact    to    the    notice    of    the    (ioveinnient     of 
Canada. 

In  1.S74  .Mr.  (Jeorjre  Urown,  at  the  histanc 

of  the    .Mackenzie    (ioveri lit,     wlilcli.  by  It- 

I  minute  of  Council,  declared  Its  h-llef.  -'I'hal. 

jtidiioKt  favourable  opportunity  wiih  prcMented 

for  renewal  of  iieuotlalions  for  a   reciprocity 

treaty,"  was  sent  as  a  ci nissloner  to  Wash- 

hik'toii,  and,  In  conjunction  with  Sir  Kdward 

Thornton,    after    a    « 1    deal   of   discussion, 

negotiated  a  draft    treaty  of  reciprocity  ;  but 

the   President    did    not   (.veil  allude    to   It   by 

I  uies.sa>,'«'.    nor   did    tlie    Senate   of    the    I'liited 

I  States,   a    tliliiK    within    the   scope  of  its  au- 

j  thorlty,  ratify  or  «'ven  delKH  to  discuss  It. 

I  TIIK    KAM.rUK   OK   OKOIlliK    IIKOWNS    AITK.MI'T 

'•  In  1S74  had  such  :in  elTect  on  Mr.  Mackenzie's 
(Jovenimeiii  that  dining  the  reiiiiilnder  of  Its 
term  it  made  no  further  attt'inpt  In  that  dlr- 
tH'tlon.  In  l.S7.">.  when  Mr.  "Wallace  asked  if 
the  <!overmiicnt  intt'iided  to  renew  negoti- 
ations, Mr.  Mackenzie  replied  :  "  We  will 
always  be  ready  to  uepitia.te  for  a  recipro- 
city treaty  willi  any  nation."  In  inau«;nra1- 
hiK  tJie  National  Tolicy  In  1S7!>,  which  had 
iK'come  ail  essential  jiiirt  of  ])nblic  policy  in 
Canada,  if  it  were  to  have  any  Ki-eat  national 
industiMes,  the  Ooveninient  of  Sir  .fohn  Mac- 
doiiald  did  not  overlook  their  tr.aditloiial 
goodwill  towanls  the  riiited  States  jind 
towards  fair  reciprocal  relations.  Therefore, 
the  Cu.stoms  Act  of  1S7!»,  chaiit(>r  1.1,  section 
0,  contained  a  sjiedal  enactment  still  favoiir- 
mg  reciprocity  on  a  lilieral  scale.  .\o  answer 
wa.s  made  to  that  offer.  In  1SS7,  when  Sir 
Charles  Tapper  was  at  WasliIiiKton,  tie  made 
a  formal  pro|io.sjil  once  more  to  the  (Joveni- 
lUdit  of  the  T'liited  States  fo"  :,  inunial 
arran>;enient  providing;  for  greater  freedom 
of  commercial  int<'rcourse  between  the  T'nited 
States  and  Canada  and  Newfoundland.  ISIr. 
Rayard's  rejily  was  a  tl.-it  refusal.  It  Avill 
thus  be  seeu  that  the  iio.sition  as.sumed  by 
Canada  has  from  the  tir.st  Imh'U  thoroughly 
conslslent.  and  continuously  favourable  to  the 
adoiition  and  miiiutenance  of 

A  .IIST  AND    KKASONAIII.K   MKASll'l'.  Of   KKCIl'ltOCITV 

with    the    rnited     States.      This     has    bwn 
shown  :  (1»  In  tlu'  iiddress  of  1S.4-7  ;  (2)  in  the 


Art  iMiNiM'tl  III  |H4lt.  Ill  the  ciiHtiiiiiK  «'imctiu»'tit 

Uf    Ht«(lll«.r.V    oty«'llifH    ill    IHUH,    1H7!I    lliul    1H,M,M 

iitul   In   llw   wp ly    nitlllriillKii   liy   <»ur    Pur- 

lliiiiwnt  (»f  tin-  trciilU's  »t  1M54,  is"!  mid 
IHMH  ;  (!l)  In  tilt'  I'i'ImmiIimI  ctYurtH  iiiiulf  Ity  Ciiii- 
nilii  for  tl»'  (•((iitiiniiiiic*'  of  Mu'  <>l<l  lifiify  uf 
iHTtt.  iiiul,  iiftcr  lifj  iil)ni>:iitlnii.  rnr  ihc  ri'iH-wji! 
(if  ii><-l|iniciil  ri'hitloiiM  oi(  11  fiilr  iiiul  i>)|iiitiilili> 
IhimIk.  TIiIh  i>\|i(>hc  t>«tiilillMli<'s  tlint.  In  Ciin- 
lulti.  \vi'  III!  iitfii'*'  <iii  tljf  iK'ct'sslly  of  cHtiili- 
llsliinu  clo!**'!-  (•oiniiifrriiil  ri'latloiiH  iM'fwfyii 
the  two  (•tunililfs.  Tin-  <IUii>,'n'<'iii»'nt  Ih-kIiih 
oil  till*  iiinins  lo  jitt4iiii  that  di'slnililc 
ol)J»'(!t.  Tli«>  only  piiity  who  liiis  not  Kliown 
IiIh  willlinriifs.H  lo  do  Miiyihliin.  ImiI  \vhost>  coii- 
Hi'Ut  In  nil  linporliint;  in  the  iniiitcr,  Is  Urodicr 
.Toiiiitlinn.  who  naiHt:  lanuh  In  IiIh  hU><'V(>  at 
tlin  siulif  of  oiir  stni/.'K'li'.  If  ln'  has  iiiadt'  np 
his  mind 

NOT    lo   TUADI'     W  iril    TIIK   CANffKS. 

The  to't'iit  iifjainu-nt  put  forth  in  tiivour  of 
uiii't'StHctrd  ri'ciproclry  Is  lluit  It  would  o  .  'i 
to  Canadu  a  inariii'l  of  f.iMHtO.tMMi  of  pcojih' 
ft  "jrt'ttliiK'  they  Would  Hnd  In  that  niarUcl  of 
Hlxt>  millions,  competitors  In  all  Wf  can  sfil 
to  tlm  A  nigricans.  They  for^t't  that  the 
I'nitcd  States  an'  tli»«  ufcalest  prodiuvrs  of 
i\w  world,  and  that  there  Is  not  one  article  of 
the  farm  which  they  do  not  iiriHlnce.  They 
ovt'i'look  the  fact  that  onr  .voiiiiK  indnstr.v 
would  Ih'  crushed  lu  its  strnwle  in  Canada 
with  the  i»owerfnl  and  old  American  inaiin- 
factnrt's.  of  course,  there  is  no  denying 
tho  tact  that  .\oiir  tariff  is  very  luird 
on  Canada.  It  pinches  in  several  jilacea,  lint 
w'«  are  not  on  that  acciainl  to  stand  tliere  and 
raise  our  hands  to  Heaven,  (Hear,  hear.)  In 
this  strait  we  did  and  are  doini;  what  shrewd 
and  energetic  Americans  would  ha\e  done  In 
onr  position.  We  turned  aroiuid  and  looked 
for  new  markets  for  lair  surplus  priKliictlon.s. 
We  liav*' succeeded  with  many  aHlidcsand 
are  sure  to  di.spose  of  the  lialance  lu'forelouK. 
sn.vinu  In  the  meautluie  to  you  :  (ientlemen. 
If  you  wish  to  trade  with  us.  we  are  ready  ; 
,1ust  now  is  the  time,  but  remember  we  are 
uo  beKKiirs.  nud  can  afford  to  do  without  yf)U, 
although  not  without  son;"  bard  efforts. 
(Cheern.) 

Tiir.  m'kim.kv  tahikk 

is  a,  measure  for  tht>  passing  of  which  we 
onirht  not  to  feel  anj,'ry  with  the  T'nlted 
States.     It  has  don«'  us  ^ood.      It  has  canstnl 


iw  to  leall/i'  that  ",ve  can  8land  n|MHi  our 
iwn  fe<'t.  where  lK>foii»  we  leaned  a  little  for 
support  upon  tlie  I'nlt^il  States.  (Hear, 
heai.i  Here  and  there  coiiiiiuidltleM  we 
have  to  sell  have  eX|M'rleiiced  resflct*"*!  sal« 
speaking  in  general,  the  .McKlnley  tariff 
h:iM  nut  iH-eu  felt  lo  Ih'  IiiJiiHouh  In  ItH  nv 
sulls.  The  best  proof  of  this  is  the  cli-cnhl- 
latioii  of  bank  notes.  You  know  we,  In 
Canada,  have  the  best  banklnK'  syslein  In 
the  world,  not  e.xciptlu),'  even  the  Sci.t«'li  sysr 
lem.  oil  which  ours  Is  modelU'd.  (llcMr,  hear.) 
Vicars  iiKo  "  Htnit/H  .M«>rehantH'  Mawizlne," 
of  .Sew  Vork,  eulo«:l/.ed  the  paper  currency 
of  Canaihi  as  posseMslim  a  decided  procllvltj' 
all  the  time  and  es|H><-laUy  In  dull  HeawmH  to 
return  lo  the  emitting  baiil:  That  Is  to  sa.v, 
such  notes  cannot  be  kept  out  except  so  far 
aH  tlipy  iin>  lu  active  employnient,  for  they 
can  llud  no  restlim  plac4'  outside  of  the  vault 
of  the  ls.suer,  and  this  makes  them  tliictuatie 
In  amount;  (>xactl,v  In  obedlenoi*  to  tlie  wuutd 
of  commerce.  A  fe\>-  we<'ks  a^o  Mr.  Cdiii- 
wali,  caslder  of  thi-  Hank  of  Hnffalo,  nvid  a 
paper  at  the  meeting  <»t'  the  American  Bank- 
ers' As.soclatlon,  in  New  Orleans,  In  whldi 
he    said  : 

"  CiuuuUi  has  for  many  years  exlHt«Ml  luuler 
a  liankiiit,'  law  whlcli  has  >,'iven  her  a  dnni- 
latiii;;  medium  fully  met'tiii);  all  the  nnpUrer 
meiils  of  every  season,  both  as  U^  elastlcltj' 
and  safety,  and  to-day  she  has  the  most  per- 
fect currency  system  of  an.v  nation  lu  the 
world  e.\C4'pt  Scotland." 

N'ow,  the  cUv'niatl(»n  under  this  lMUikln« 
syateni  Is  tlu»  lH>st  t4'st  of  the  state  of  the 
coUJitry.  If  there  Is  jirospeilty,  the  clreula- 
tion  expands  ;  if  times  are  dull,  down  t^ws 
the  circulation. 

IlKKORK    ANI>   AI-TKR. 

Here  is  a  table  wlilch'shows  tlie  condition 
of  thiuKs  after  aud  before  the  McKlnley 
t  a  rill  went  Into  force. 

The  expansion  of  circulatliai  from  .Inly  to 
OctolM'r  of  each  year   wa*  : 

1  iulSS.^) .$4,i»'>S.(MM) 

'2.  m  ISSC. r,.4.'?U.(i(M) 

:?  Iniss" ti.li'.T.iMM) 

4.  In  isss (i,(Mir>.(Mil 

,").    In  ISSil 4,S[)(»,0IK') 

r,.  luispii .-).;n:?.()iM) 

7.  In  INPI (;,(;o2.(HK> 

You  uiU  set>  that  the  increase  in  the  circu- 
lation retiuireil  for  the  business  of  the  coun- 
tr.v  lu  October,  as  compared  with  .Inly  of 
lMi)l,  was  the  larjrest  of  all  tlu>  yeai's  given. 


10 


n 


a 


It  was,  witli  tliK  oxcoptioii  of  thrtH>  pnnloua 
Octolwn-s,  tlu>  lurj';e8t  of  any  year.  If  wa,s 
the  largest  iu  10  years.  (Hear,  hear,)  Xo\v, 
hi  Canada  the  expansion  of?  drcnlation  froiiii 
Jiitfy  to  October  in  each  year  is  due  to  tlie 
crops  in  tlie  tii-st  phice.  It  is  the  farmer 
and  tJie  moving  of  ii.s  products  thall  nni  np 
tlie  circalation.    You  «i]l  set\  tlierefore,  thii<1) 

THE  CimTI.ATlOX    IS   THK    HEST  TEST 

of  the  condition  of  the  farmer.  If  the  .Mc- 
Ivhiley  tariff  liad  liit  tlie  Canadian  iarmer 
luird  the  drcnlation  would  have  l)et.'n  of 
only  ii  in  rmal  diaracter,  or  ]whn  <:Le  aver- 
age. !.nt  ti:(>  circulation  last  October  was 
ii<l,lir)0,(MM)  al>ove  the  average  of  tlie  previous 
six  years,  or  24  per  cent,  of  an  increase.  It 
is  evident  that  tlie  :\IcKiiiIey  tailff  has  done 
Canadian  farmers  no  harm,  \\niy  V  Sinipiy 
l>ecanse  we  have  s(»ught  for  other  m!irli.ets 
and  have  ,)een  snccessfi;],  and  have  found 
these  markets  were  px-orttuble.  less  liable  to 
interference  and  with  better  prospect  of  fn- 
tiu-a  growth.      (Hear,  liejir  • 

TIIK    MARKETS    WE    HAVE   SOITOHT 

are  principally  for  food  products  ;  our  lum- 
ber and  other  products  of  the  forest,  the 
world  newls  and  takes  ;  tliere  is  a  constant 
demand  for  tliese.  During  10  years.  lS80-8!>, 
exports  of  forest  pro<lucts  average<l  ."f!H2..S,S<t,- 
OfK)  a,  year.  In  ISOO  they  were  $2<i,180,(H)0, 
(r  $[i,>S(K),000  aliove  the  average.  The(s«Hook 
aftei-  tliemselves.  So  of  the  pnKlucts  of  om- 
mines.  ( »ur  aslH'stos  is  the  best  in  the 
Wdvld.  Our  phosphate's  are  of  tlie  highest 
•  pialitv.  Our  nickel  will  .soon  be  in  the  steel 
armor  plates  of  the  navi<^  of  the  Avorld.  re- 
cent experiments  in  the  Fnited  States  show- 
ing the  immense  value  of  nickel  in  the  com- 
position of  these  armor  plates. 

NOW    OIK    FAKM    PHdHrcTS 

are  linding  th<Mi  way  to  the  old  countries  of 
Europe-jirincipally  t!>  England.  The  points 
that  Innibled  our  farmers  when  the  McKhi- 
ley  ftiiff  came  into  force  Avere  barley,  lambs. 
hor.ses  and  eggs,  Th<^  general  trend  of  our 
exports  If  agricultural  products  during  2r, 
years  lias  been  increase  hi  exports  to  Eti- 
ropi  and  relat,i\e  decrease  in  such  exports  to 
the  T'nited  States.  That  is  «iuitt^  natural 
and  irrespective  of  taritl's.  In  lS(iS  we  sent 
fiO.riO  per  cent,  of  our  fjirm  products  to  tlie 
T'nited  Statt^s.  and  ,'54.01  per  ci'ut,  to  <}reiit 
Britain.      In  18!)0  we  sent  (M).OS  per  cent,  to 


ffreat  Britain,  and  36.50  per  cent,  to  the 
UnittMl  States,  as  near  a.s  ixn^sible  a  complete 
reversal  of  the  pf)sitioiis  occui)ie<l  by  those 
two  countries  as  takers  of  our  fanii  ]»ro- 
ducts  ;Mid  during  that  period  the  aggregate 
trade  of  Canada  in  those  products  lias  in- 
creas«><l  in  a  large  prwpoition.  The  ^IcKin- 
ley  tariff 

SIMIM.V    STIMII-ATED   THE    VoVKMKNT 

which  has  luH>n  going  on  for  nearly  a  (piar- 
ter  of  a  century.  \\"\t\\  respect  to  barley,  we 
set  to  work  and  grow  two- rowed  barley 
such  as  CaUfornia  grows,  and  now  we  ap- 
peal in  tliH  English  marUets  a.s  coinpetitoi-s 
of  California,  instead  of  suiiplying  the  east- 
ern and  middle  state.s.  as  we  did.  (Hear, 
hear.)  We  sent  in  1S!)0  to  F^ngland  tive 
times  the  (piiuitlty  of  barley  we  did  in  ISSO, 
■•iiid  ver.\-  much  more  in  ISJH  thau  1890— the 
rt'ports  Iieing  very  favourable,  and  showing 
that  our  barley  in  England  A\ill  liaA'e  the 
.sjiine  superiority  it  has  in  the  T^nite<l  States. 
With  respect  to  eggs,  we  us«m1  to  .send  all  we 
ha('  to  spare  to  the  T'nitwl  States.  It  was 
convenient.  It  suited  the  stage  of  develop- 
ment of  our  transpoitation  facihtit^.  But 
tlie  ^Nlclvinley  tariff  came  in  force  justi  when 
we  had  solve<l  tlie  <inesti(in  of  ti'aiisportation 
of  fragile  articles,  and  wti  were  al»le,  witli- 
out  a  break  in  the  continuity-  of  movement, 
to  switch  off  to  the  Englisji  market.  This 
.s«>ison  we  have  sent  three  and  one-half  mil- 
hon  dozen  eggs  To  P^ngland.  where  in  1880 
we  sent  about  .'{.(XMl  dozen.    We  liave 

sriiSTITl'lEI)    MII.I.u.NS    l,iK   THOISANDS. 

(Heal,  Iie.-ii.)  The  market  for  eggs  in  tJreat 
Britain  is  inunense.  and  actai.l  experienco 
shows  that  we  can  jiut  our  eggs  down  at  a 
lower  rate  of  freiglit  than  France  cam  send 
tlii'in.  We  can.  with  our  cooler  northern 
route  across  th,*  Atlantic,  tran.sport  them  in 
the  best  condition.  The  market  for  hors<'s 
is  iucrea.sing.  We  sent  nearly  ten  times  as 
many  horses  to  England  in  IS'.H  ;is  we  did  in 
IS'.X..  They  command  a  hitrher  pric«'  in  Eng- 
land, and  as  s(h»ii  as  A\e  raise  Just  the  sorts 
of  hors«>  England  wants  we  get  still  higlier 
prices.  Tlu'  day  for  the  street  car  "  screw  "' 
is  i»ast  ;  electricity  h;is  electrocuted  them. 
The  :\rcKiiiley  tariff  tinished  what  litth'  life 
there  was  left,  aii.l  we  are  going  in  for  bet- 
ter lior.-;es.  (Ijuighter.i  We  did  a  larg<> 
trade  in  lambs  with  the   I'nited  States,  and 


11 


mt.  to  tJio 
a  complete 
1  by  those 
fann  jtro- 
>  a^Krt'Kato 
cts  has  in- 
^he  :Mc-K1ii- 

;Mi-..NT 


down  at  a. 

I  «11D    Sfllll 

[•  IK  )rt,lu>ni 
rt  theiu  ill 
for  h()rs<'s 

II  times  as 
!  we  dill  in 
*•«>  in  Eii;<- 
t  ilic  sorts 
4ill  lii;;lier 
r  "  screw  " 
U'i\  tlieni. 
t  littl»>  life 
in  for  l»et- 
d  a  lavjro 
Uates,  and 


nJce  inicy  foinl  they  were.  The  fanners 
thonf,'lit  that  trade  Avoiild  snrely  Twl  bad 
effects  from  the  McKinley  tailff.  The  lamb 
trade  went  i-ifjlit  aloiiR,  and  in  I'ertJi,  when' 
the  Consen-ative  party  lia<l  a  lar^'e  deinon- 
stnition  ree^'iitly— and  wliieh  is  the  centre  of 
a  large  lamb-raising  district— the  farmers 
said  they  iKwer  got  better  prices  than  this 
season.  In  the  article  of  cheese  Ave  liiid  a 
ma'ket  for  all  we  ein  pnKluce  in  (Jreat  Bri- 
tain, and  possibly  it  may  sni-priw'  some  tliat 
w  exported  to  ontside  comitries  in  1S!)()  over 
$!)„'}()( K()()(t.  agauist  $S.(;(X»,<MM»  expoited  by 
the  I'nited  States  to  all  conntiies.  We  have 
recently  fonnd  tliat  tliere  is  in  Enttland  a 
market  for  all  the  ponltiy  we  can  raise,  aiul 
onr  initial  ventures  have  proved  such  a  snc- 
(ress  tliat   the  coming  Christmas  in  England 

AVill 

SEF.    MOUK  TONS   OK   CAVAniAN    POULTRY 

distribntiMl  over  tlie  British   Isles  than  thee 
were  in  previous  years  siii'de  iudinduals  of 
this  class  of  food.     In  pork  products  we  have 
discovered  that  we  have  a  superiority  of  one 
cent  a  pound  over  those  of  tJie  T'nite<l  States. 
This  has  stimulated  prtKluction.  and  uotwith- 
standiiiK  our  hicreased  export  tJiis  s«^isoii  to 
Great  Britain,  we  liave  in  the  single  province 
of   Ontario  nearly   -t<M).(MM>  swine  more   than 
we  li.id  in  ISSit.       With  resi)ect  to  manufac- 
tures,   the    re<'ent     census    shows     tliat     the 
amount    of    capital   lnveste<l  liai^  increased  by 
over  2(K>  per  cent,  as  compared  A\ith  10  yt\irs 
ago  ;  that  tlie  average  artisan  produces  more 
and  is  p.iid  more  than  he  Avas  10  years  ago. 
NoAV,    gentlemen,    let   me   remind   von   of    a 
very  imiiortiint  poim   Avhen  you  talk   of  the 
offers  made  by  the  Lil)erals  of  Canada  and  of 
those  of  the  Conservatives.    nuM-e  is  a  great 
difference  in  the  position  of  nu'ii  in  poAA'er  and 
men  in  op[)osition,  in  men  with  the  gnive  re- 
sponsiliilities    of    oHice    iind    men    liaving    to 
answer  onl.v  for  eacli  of  tliemsel\-es  indiAidu- 
all.v  and  not  l)ound  li.v  any  of  their  jtntmises 
made   in   opposition,    ^^'ith    this  rnith   liefore 
your  eyes.   I  can  assert  that   if  the   Lilierals 
came  into  power  tlie.A'  would  not  glA'e  moi'e  to 
the  Americans  than  Ave  can,  for  this  reason  of 
state  necessity,  that  if  they  did  tliey  could  not 
carry  on  the  Oovenmient  of  Canada  for  want 
of  money.      Canada  has  spent  ."lo  millions  in 
improving   her    water   AA'ays,   l*Ml    millions   iy 
b'Uilding  railroads,  and  many  milliour-;  in  other 
public'  Avorks.    These  expenditures  C4>nstitute 


the  public  debt  which  is  to  be  paid,  and  the 
tariff  is  looked  to  to  supply  the  interest.  The 
carr.Aing  out  of  the  Liberal  platforju  avouM 
mean  the  gi-eatest  crisis  th.'it  Canada  has  cA-er 
st>en.  The  T.ilierals  are  too  Avide  aAvake  not 
to  see  the  breakers  ahead  of  their  poHcy,  and 
they  AvoiUd  aA'oid  them,  but  in  the  meantime 
if  they  can  use  the  Americans  to  hoist  them- 
selves into  power  they  do  not  see  Avliy  they 
should  not  do  it.  The  mirestricted  reciprocity 
scheme  Avill  receiA'c  its  (piietus  the  very  day 
the  Lil)erals  came  into  poAver.  But  I  go 
further,  and  sivy  that 

UNRESTRICTED    RECII'ROCITY   IS    UV..\V. 

The  more  it  is  discussed  the  further  off  it 
swniis.  An  important  letter  by  Hon.  PidAA'ard 
Blake  completely  exhausts  tlie  question,  and 
must  prevent  it  from  conthiuing  to  be  the  main 
plank  of  the  Opposition  platform.  Katlier 
than  foUoAV  in  its  dangerous  co;n-se,  the  party 
of  wliich  he  has  so  long  been  a  distinguished 
l(>ader,  :Mr.  Blake  has  chosen  to  abandon 
public,  life  altogether.  \\'heii  loyalty  to  The 
ceuntry  prevails  over  loyalty  to  such  close 
and  long  existing  party  ties,  one  is  .jnstitied 
in  feeUng  rencAA'ed  contideiice  in  the  destiny 
o    Canada. 

Sir.  the  discussion  of  that  important  topic, 
the  commercial  intercourse  between  Canada 
and  the  riiited  States,  has  given  rise  to  some 
otlier  (pie.-^tioiis  involving  directly  the  na- 
tional existence  of  our  country.      Mrst, 

THK    QUKSTION    OK    N'ATIONAI-    INI)K1"KM>KN<'K. 

There  ar(>  tliost^  Avho  say.  and  tlu-y  are  not 
far  from  telling  the  tnitli.  that  eveiy  native 
born  Canadian  is  Canadian  tirst  and  last, 
and  that  every  day  the  proportion  of  iiatiA-e- 
liorn  (^aJiadians  increases  as  against  the 
native  Britons  formuig  the  Dominion.  It  is 
true,  and  I  admit  it.  that  eveiy  Canadian 
Avants  at  maturity  a  country'  of  his  oaa'ii  to 
live  for.  to  tiglit  for.  iind,  if  necessary,  to 
die  for.  illear.  liear.  !iiid  cluH^rs.)  Noliody 
is  so  deaf  to  the  teachings  of  histoiy  as  not 
to  realize  the  natural  fact  that  colonies,  like 
shoots  from  tlu>  parent  tree,  gradually  but 
surely  tend  toAvards  indepeiidi'iit  life.  Tht> 
only  (piestion  Is  a  (luestion  of  time.  Tlie  age 
of  ma.jority  for  children  has  Ihh'II  fixed  by 
tlK'  wise  h'gislation  of  great  men  at  ditferent 
ages  for  (hfferent  countries  or  different  pur- 
poses, :!n(l  it  greatly  dejHMids  njion  the  cir- 
cumstances in  which  a  young  man  is  situat- 


• 


.n 


12 


ed  in  relation  to  liis  fatlier,  eitlier  ,f<>r  tlie 
line  of  lousiness  he  pursues,  the  amount  of 
interest  he  hius  or  the  measure  of  lilK>rt>'  he 
enjoj'S  imder  the  protection  of  his  father, 
lief  ore  he  finds  it  useful  and  wise  to  ro  into 
busin(>ss  on  liis  o\nT  accomit.  Tliis  is  the 
A'ery  ,i)i>sition  of  Canadians.  Althoufih  de- 
pendent on  the  mother  cmuitry  for  our  pro- 
tection anionji  the  other  ntitions  of  the  AV(>rld 
we  are  euJo.vinK  a.  ineasmv  of  political  lil)ertj- 
wliich.  Is 

KQnVAI.KNT   TO    INIIEI'ENOKNCK. 

(Hear,  hear.)  In  that  respect  I  fully  agi'ee 
A\ith  Jlr.  I.,aurier,  who  said  at  Boston  tlie 
othei  day  that  : 

"  England  has  gi-auted  to  Canada  and  to  all 
her  colftnies  eveiy  right,  principle  and  pri- 
vilege wliich  slie  once  refusetl.  X(/wadays 
has  lH»en  realized  the  tnith  proclaimed  by 
Charles  James  Pox  in  the  last  centuiT.  that 
the  oidy  method  of  keeping  a  British  colony 
is  to  give  power  to  govern  themselves.  So 
to-dtxy  \the  Biitisli  (Tovermnent  does  not 
attempt  to  lay  tiixes  on  us  or  force  British 
goods  into  oin*  i)oi'ts.  We  ai'e  at  tliis  moment 
at  Uberty,  and  we  have  the  right  to  tax 
British  goods  and  Biitish  wares.  With  pride 
I  say  it.  though  Canada  is  stUl  a  colony, 
Canadii  is  free.  The  only  tie  that  binds 
Canada  to  tlie  motherland  is  Canada's  ovra 

AAlIl." 

Aft^r  admitting  that  there  is  in  Canada  at 
the  present  moment  no  desire  for  indei>end- 
ence,  the  Liberal  leader  says  that  he  believes 
"  that  the  time  has  come  when  the  powers  of 
selt-govennuent  that  we  have  are  not  ade- 
quate to  our  present  dcA-elopment ;  that  we 
should  l)e  endowed  wtli  another  i)ower,  the 
poAvei  of  making  our  o\m  commercial  trea- 
ties."   Here  1  must 

JOIN    ISSCK   WITH    .MR.    LAURIER, 

and  I  cannot  do  l)ettcr  than  to  quote  from 
the  powei-ful  contribution  of  your  distin- 
guished fellow-countrynum.  Mr.  Andrew  Car- 
negie, in  one  of  the  last  numbers  of  the 
"  Nineteenth  Centuiy."  Spealdng  against 
the  scheme  of  Imperial  Federation,  whioi 
has  attracted  so  much  attention  in  late  years. 
^li    Carne'do  says  : 

"  It  .-^m-ely  cannot  have  failed  to  attract  the 
attention  of  iii(*  members  of  the  Imp(>rial 
FederatidU  League  that  even  Sir  Jolui  ^lac- 
donald.  a  uatiAe-born  Briton.  A\as  force<l  tx> 
announcH  that  Caua<hi  Avas  no  longer  to  l)e 
tlie  dependent,  but  the  ally  of  Britain. 

"'In  future,"   Hiiid   S.iv  .h>\m.   wh  quoted 
IMt.  Caniegie,  '  England  would  be  the  centre. 


surrounded  and  sustjiined  by  an  alliance,  not 
only  Avitli  Canada,  but  \sr\\h  Australia  and  all 
hei  otliei  possessions,  and  there  would  be 
thus  formed  an  lniiiien.se  confederation  of 
freemen— the  gi-eat/cst  confetleracy  of  civilized 
and  intelUgent  men  that  e^-er  had  an  existence 
on  the  face  of  the  globe.' 

"  Alliances,  adds  Mr.  Caniegie.  are  made 
between  independent  nations.  Sir  Jolui  must 
have  also  embrac*Hl  the  Repidilic,  for  this 
is  nec^ssiiiy  to  make  the  gi-esitest  conftxlei*- 
iicy  of  IntHllgent  and  chilizetl  men.  Sir 
.Tohn  asserted  the  Indeiiendence  of  Canada  to 
the  fidlest  extent,  when  he  rt>centl.v  com- 
manded liord  Salisbuiy  to  tear  up  a  treatj' 
which  had  been  a^rreed  upon  by  Sir  JulliUi 
Pauncpfote  and  Secretaiy  Blaine.  Avitli  Lord 
Salisburj-'s  cordial  approval,  wliidi  the  Briti- 
l.sh  (Tovemment  had  presumed  to  make  witli- 
out  consulting  Canada." 

I  do  not  A'ouch  for  the  accuracy  of  Mr.  Car- 
negie's representation  of  Sir  John's  views,  but 
I  behcA-e  hi  that  mysterious  and  natural 
groAt'th  of  nations  towards  liidei)endeiioe, 
AA'hich  alone  can  give  them  tlie  full  (hwelop- 
ment  of  their  strength  and  resources.  That 
sentiment  does  not  exclude,  in  its  patriotism 
the 

FILL   EXKRCISK   OF   ALLEGIANCE   AND  LOVALTV. 

I  am  not  prepared  to  say,  with  Mr.  T.,aurier, 
that  simple  questions  of  tlscal  policy,  orcom- 
inercial  treaties  can  bring  the  scA-erance  of 
Canada  from  its  connection  wdtli  Great  Bri- 
tain, as  it  did  bring  It  In  your  countiy  In 
1775.  I  again  prefer  the  authority  of  Mr, 
Carnegie.  AAiio  writes  thsit  : 

'•  It  was  not  a  (luestlou  of  tjixes  that  pro- 
duceil  the  independence  of  the  United  States, 
this  Avas  tho  lnci(l(>ut  only  Avliich  precipltate<l 
what  Avas  boiuid  to  come  a  fcAV  years  .sooner 
or  later.  Independent  of  any  home  policy. 
Frankhn  and  Adams  had  no  Idea  of  sepa- 
i-ating  from  the  motherland  Avhen  they  le<l 
In  tlie  refusiil  to  be  taxeti  from  Westminster; 
but  thty  soon  foimd  tiiemselves  compelle<l 
by  a  jiublio  sentiment,  until  tlieii  latent,  to 
advance   to  Indeiiendence." 

Sii.  I  am  a  British  bom  subject,  and  a 
Frenchman  by  parentage.  I  am  proud  of 
and  lo.A-al  to  the  great  country  to  Avhlch  I  po- 
litically belong.  I  lun  proud  of  and  true  to 
the  blo(Ml  that  nnis  through  my  A-elns.  that 
Xorman  blood  Avhich  is  the  boast  of  the 
noblest  scions  of  England.  The  tAvo  nations 
are  desening  your  love  and  respect,  as  tliey 
have  mine.  You  oAve  to  one  your  birth,  as 
I  oAvo  her  my  frwHlom  as  a  citizen  ;  tlie 
otlici  h!"lp.cd  yon  In  yoiu"  struggle  for  inde- 
pendence, whilst  she  gave  me  my  birth  as  a 


13 


AND  LOYALTY. 


fnmn.  Botli  liave  noble  traditions.  In  tlie 
[banners  of  both  there  is  >?loiy  enough  to 
cover  tlie  world  {Loud  cheers.)  With  such 
ft  pnrentaKe,  with  such  ti-iulition.^  ot  courage, 
iof  intelligence,  of  gloiy.  are  tlie  Canadians  to 
[be  denied  the  noble  ambition,  the  siu-e  des- 
(tlny  of  being  a  i)tH)ple  by  themselves, 

AN    INDEPENDENT   NATION  ? 

I  do  not  doubt  it  more  than  I  doubt  iny 
i  sincere  allegiance  to  tlie  constitution  of  m> 
lanmtiy  and  to  my  s«ivei'eign.      But  I  do  not 
Idoubt   either    tliat   no   power   on   earth    will 
Iforcti  me  hito  submission  against  my  will  or 
[agains    my  conscience.      Against  my  vdU  I 
would    be   made    a    slave,    never   a   subject. 
'  And  the  hour  has  passed  in  the  Ufe  oH  na- 
jtlons,  and  tlijit  hour  never  came  In  tills  free 
[continent  otj  America,  Avhen  free  men  cxmld 
jbe  forced  in  to,  another  people's  allegiance.    I 
jknow  tliat  it  has  been  sjiid  and  wTltten,  botli 
I  in  this  coimtiy  iuid  in  ours,  that  the  effect  of 
the  Alclvinley  tariff  Avill  so  cramp  the  trade 
land  linanoes  of  the  people  of  Canada  that 
we  \\'ill  be  compelled  to  seek  annexation  to 
[the   I'nited   States.       Well,   sir,    I   know  the 
[feelings   of  our   people,   with   whom  I   have 
[lived    in   constfint   cxuumuniou    of   sentiment 
Idmlng  the  HO  years  of  my  poUticjil  Ufe,  and 
|I  do  not  hesitate  a  moment  to  say  that  no 
[consideration  of  finance  and  titide  am  have 
[influence  on  the  loyaltj'  of  the  descendants 
I  of  the  races  of  whom  1  spoke  to  you  in  the 
[opening    of    my    address,   or     tend    in    the 
|sUght*»st   degree   to   alienate   tlieu*   affections 
[from   their   comitiy.    their  institutions,   tlieir 
JGovenimeut   and    their   Queen.    (Cheers.)    If 
I  anyone  in  tills  meeting  believes  tiiat  in  refus- 
ing  cx)mmerclal  hitercourse   to   Canada   Con- 
gress Avould  undermhie  the  loyal  feelings  of 
our  people,  he  is  labouring  under  a  delusion 
iiud  doing  an  injustice  to  a  i)eople  whose 

SENTIMENT  OF   LOYALTY   IS   AS    INDELIBLE 

^as  your  own,  and  I  cannot  do  better  than 
[afHrm  with  moi-e  energj%  if  it  be  possible, 
A\ith  ^fr.  Lamier.  whnt  he  affinned  the  otlier 
(lay  in  Boston  :  "  If  such  a  boon  as  freedom 
oi'  trade  weret  to  lie  purchase<l  by  tlie  slight- 
est siicrilice  of  my  ii!itlon'.s  dignity,  I  would 
have  none  of  it."  Let  us  rather  cherish  tlie 
idea,  sir,  that  those  solenm  and  proud  pro- 
fessions of  dignity  and  courage  will  not  be 
needed,  but  that  the  pubUc  men  of  botli 
(oiiiitries  echoing  tiie  sentiments  of /the  two 
<X)tmtre8  echoing  the  sentiments  of  the  two 


nations  will  tlnd  a  happy  solution  of  those 
impoi-tant  pi-oi>lenis.  For  my  own  part,  I 
look  to  the  future  with  hope  and  with 
security.  Wltli  Andrew  Caniegle,  "I  would 
cheerfully  set  aside  the  scheme  of  Imperial 
Federation,  the  theory  of  an  Empire  Trade 
Lejigue  to  see  realized  the  gi'and  idea  of  a 
race  aUianoa  of  all  tlie  coimtries  blessed  with 
the  noble  and  ;free  political  Institutions  which 
(ireat  Britahi  has  de\ised  for  the  good  of 
humanitj',  an  alliance  which  Avould  husten 
the  day  when  one  power  would  lie  able  to 
say  to  any  nation  tluit  threatened  to  l)egin 
the  murder  of  human  beings  in  the  name  of 
war  undei  any  pivtence  : 

Hold  !    I  command  you  both  ;  the  one  that 

stirs  makes  me  Ids  foe. 
Unfold  to  me  the  cause  of  quan'el  and  I  will 

judge  lietnixt  you. 

A  Kriegsvereln  with  power  so  overAvhelming 
that  Its  exercise  would  never  be  necessaiy." 

Tliese  are  noble  words  from  a  noble  heart, 
and  I  endorse  them  with  the  same  entlius- 
itism  as  I  endoi'se  your  oa\ti  countiynian's 
conclusion  :  "  Fate  has  given  to  Britain  a 
great  progeny  an<l  a  great  past.  Her  future 
promises  to  be  no  less  great  and  prolific  ; 
but  however  numerous  the  diUdren,  there 
can  be  but  one  mother,  and  that  motlie|r, 
great,  honoiu'ed  and  beloved  by  all  her  off- 
spring—as I  pray  she  lie— is  this  sceptred  isle, 
my  native  land,  God  bl"ss  her."    (Cheers.) 

SIR,    THERE   IS   NOTHING   TO    DESPAIR, 

notliing  to  fear,  Avhen  the  gi-eat  citizens  of 
a  cotmtrj'  are  disposed  to  approacli  and  dis- 
cuss the  burning  issues  standing  m  tlie  face 
of  two  countries  in  such  a  lofty  spirit,  A\itli 
such  a  large  and  Avarm  heart.  (Cheers.)  I 
ha,A>>  no  doubt  but  that  the  same  sienti- 
nient  of  noble  felloAVsliip  which  animates  yo(U 
animates  the  great  American  nation.  (Hear, 
hear.)  I  knoAV  tliat  such  is  tlie  sentiment 
which  ammates  our  people  in  Canathi.  1 
am  not  here  as  a  represeiitatiA-e  of  the  Can- 
adiiui  (lovenimeut.  I  have  not  and  could  not 
hiiA'e  asked  such  a  mission  AA'hen  I  accepted 
your  land  socml  invitation,  but  I  must  not 
forget  and  you  aumot  ignore  that  I  am  a 
meml)er  of  the  House  of  Commons  of  Canada 
and  that  I  have  the  right  to  couA'ey  to  you 
the  expn^ssion  of  the  good-AAill,  of  the  heart- 
felt sjnupathy.  and  the  offer  of  the  AAidest 
possible   measure  of   reciprocity  in   friendli- 


14 


11 


uess  and  gotnl  wishes  from  my  Cauiidlau 
fellow-c'ouutrymeu.  Yes.  lu  Canada  we  re- 
joice in  your  prosperity-,  in  yoiir  majoiittcent 
development,  in  yonr  patriotic  love  for  your 
tluK,  in  yom-  solution  of  some  of  the  jjreat 
pix)l)lems  thJit  troubled  your  national  exist- 
ence and  in  your  assured  hope  of  solving 
them  all.  But  we  are  proud,  too,  of  our  own 
counti-y  and  our  own  flag,  of  the  splendor 
and  strength  of  our  resoiu-ces,  and  of  the 
well-nigh  boimdless  possibilities  of  our  futiu-e 
gi-eatness.  Even  as  you  do,  we  love  free 
histitutions  ;  these  we  liave.  and  they  are 
the  l)e8t  suitetl  to  us  and  to  the  genius  of  our 
population.  If  you  have  a  republic,  we  have 
a 'conimonwealth— "a  croA;\nied  republic,"  as 
it  has  been  happily  called.  You  are  far 
ahead  of  us  in  point  of  numbers,  but  we  know 
that  our  people  live  in  peace  and  plenty  no 
less  than  yours.    (Hear,  hear.)    And  it  is  our 


hope  that  Canada  and  the  United  States  In 
friendly  rivalrj-,  in  all  the  arts  of  i)eace,  In 
all  the  marts  of  commerce,  may  go  on 
through  the  ages  to  come,  the  happiness  and 
prosperitj*  of  each  acting  as  a  stlnmlus  to 
the  l)est  e?foits  of  tlie  otlier,  each  working  out 
a  destiny  of  tlie  brightest  augmy,  and  so 
linked  in  the  bonds  of  amity  and  loving 
kindness  that  they  may  be  said,  somewhat  in 
the  majestic  words  of  Milton,  "  to  progress 
through  the  gi-eat  circles  of  revoMng  cen- 
lau'ies,  clasping  hands  with  unfailing  joy  and 
bliss  in  overmeastu-e  forever."  (Jjoud  and 
prolonged  cheers.) 

(irentlemen,  I  thank  yon  for  your  kind  In- 
vitation, for  yoiu-  corilial  reception  and  for 
your  patient  attention.  This  ilay  will  re- 
main one  of  the  brightest  of  my  life  and  for 
it  I  will  ever  thank,  and  never  forget 
"  Providence." 


dted  States  in 
a  of  peace,  in 
may  go  on 
Imppiupsa  and 
a  stimulus  to 
L'li  woi'liing  out 
ipury,  and  so 
;y  and  loAing 
I,  somewhat  in 
,  "  to  progress 
revolving  cen- 
iiillng  joy  and 
(Loud  and 

your  kind  in- 
ption  and    for 

ilay  will  i"e- 
ly  life  and  for 

never    forget 


